Globalization or Glocalisation Networks, Territories and...

Globalisation or ‘Glocalisation’? Networks, Territories and Rescaling Erik Swyngedouw University of Oxford Abstract This paper argues that the alleged process of globalisation should be recast as a process of ‘glocalisation’. ‘Glocalisation’ refers to the twin process whereby, ï ¬ rstly, institutional/regulatory arrangements shift from the national scale both upwards to supra-national or global scales and downwards to the scale of the individual body or to local, urban or regional conï ¬ gurations and, secondly, economic activities and inter-ï ¬ rm networks are becoming simultaneously more localised/regionalised and transnational. In particular, attention will be paid to the political and economic dynamics of this geographical rescaling and its†¦show more content†¦Crucial to this argument is the idea that social life is process based, in a state of perpetual change, transformation and reconï ¬ guration (see Harvey 1996). Starting analysis from a given geographical scale, such as the local, regional, national or global, seems to me, therefore, to be deeply antagonistic to apprehending the world in a dynamic, process-based manner. This has profound implications for the signiï ¬ cance of spatial scale. I conceive scalar conï ¬ gurations as the outcome of socio-spatial processes that regulate and organise social power relations, such as the contested making and remaking of the European Union or the process of state devolution or decentralisation. The emergence of new territorial scales of governance and the redeï ¬ nition of existing scales (like the nation-state) change the regulation and organisation of social, political and economic power relations. Over the past few years, a plethora of research has been

Downfall Of Macbeth Essay examples - 1195 Words

The tragic downfall of Macbeth was not determined by one single cause. It was rather caused by a combination of three dark forces: supernatural, external, and internal. Supernatural forces are represented by the three witches and dark powers behind them. Lady Macbeth is an outer force that pushes Macbeth towards the bloody deeds. Macbeths own ambition acts as deciding power in brining him to his downfall. The very beginning of the play indicates that dark supernatural forces will be involved. Three weird sisters are preparing a surprise for Macbeth, surprise that will eventually cost him life and the salvation of his soul. Witches predictions play very important role in leading Macbeth to the evil deeds. Witches are the first to†¦show more content†¦She never questions the necessity of Macbeth becoming king and never pays attention to Macbeths thoughts and opinion, just as mother would never care about her sons opinion about the stupid homework. Macbeths decision to quot;proceed no further in this businessquot; (I.vii) was not even considered as a possible outcome by her. Lady Macbeth uses all the methods she can to convince her husband to murder Duncan. She uses Macbeths love to her as an instrument saying that if he will not kill the king he really doesnt love her. She asks him if he is a man, tells him that he will be quot;so much more a manquot; after murdering Duncan. Sh e gives Macbeth an example of how resolute and cruel he should be telling him that she--woman who is supposed to be kind and compassionate--would be able to kill her own child: I would, while it [baby] was smiling in my face, Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashd the brains out, had I so sworn As you have done to this. (I.vii.61-64) Lady Macbeth used the Macbeths feelings towards her, his bravery, his ambitious nature, his vague desires as tools to make Macbeth to do what she thinks will bring him success and satisfaction. Witches and Lady Macbeth definitely tried to force Macbeth to kill Duncan and to continue the sequence of terrible murders. However, Macbeth was not a weak-willed puppet that others couldShow MoreRelatedMacbeths Downfall1691 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeths Downfall In the beginning of the play Macbeth, Macbeth is a successful and noble Thane of Glamis. The witches tell Macbeth prophecies that guide him to his downfall, but in the end it was his own selfish decisions that caused his demise. The other person that is blamed for Macbeth’s destruction was his wife Lady Macbeth because she was able to manipulate and control his self-esteem by playing with his courage and bravery. However, Macbeth was only guided by his wife; he chose to play outRead MoreDownfall of Macbeth1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe tragedy of â€Å"Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, follows the fall of Macbeth from a man in a position of power with a contented life, to a man with nothing but â€Å"mouth honor† and a corrupted soul. In this essay, I wish to show to what extent Macbeth’s tragedy was his own fault. The downfall of Macbeth begins early on in the play when he and Banquo (a fellow Scottish noble) meet the witches. The witches waylay Macbeth and Banquo whilst they were on their way to meet Duncan, King of Scotland. TheyRead MoreThe Downfall of Macbeth865 Words   |  3 PagesThe Downfall of Macbeth Many of people have heard the tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare. The story revolves on a sequence of misfortunate events that take place when Macbeth makes immoral decisions to be king. In the play, Shakespeare shows how power can cause corruption in a human’s brain. Macbeth himself was not a very confident person, though he had a kind soul to begin with, he was easily influenced and gullible. Through the prophecies of the evil beings, an insignificant seed was plantedRead More Macbeths Downfall Essay668 Words   |  3 Pages In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth, is a brave and loyal subject to the King of Scotland, but as the play progresses, his character begins to change drastically. Evil and unnatural powers, as well as his own passion to become king, take over his better half and eventually lead to his downfall. The three main factors that intertwine with one another that contribute to Macbeth’s tragic end are the prophecie s told by the three witches, Lady Macbeth’s influence, and finallyRead MoreCauses of Macbeths Downfall1445 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causes of Macbeths Downfall – Essay By Jordan Koorey Shakespeare’s Macbeth, based on a play written in 1605 explores the life journey of Macbeth as he climbs the ladder of the social hierarchy. Determined to become King, Macbeth will kill any and all that get in his way. Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument toRead MoreThe Downfall of Macbeth Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe Downfall of Macbeth All through the play Macbeth strives for power. This motivation affects every aspect of his life and eventually leads to his demise. Many different factors come together in deciding his ill-fated future. With his wifes cajoling and the three witches foretelling of his future, Macbeth, will stop at nothing to gain the position as King of Scotland. The witches and their prophecies are the first major influence which trigger MacbethsRead MoreMacbeth and His Downfall1613 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth, there are two factors that contributed to Macbeths ruin. One of them being more to blame: The influential character of Lady Macbeth displaying temptation towards Macbeth, or Macbeths own ambitious and insecure nature. There are questions whether Macbeths downfall might have displayed more for his own blame. In closer examination, it will be come apparent that Macbeth is more to blame for his downfall. By first examining the influential acts of Lady Macbeth that made Macbeth commitRead MoreMacbeth Downfall Analysis911 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is a popular play that is known all over the world. William Shakespeares play Macbeth is about a nobleman named Macbeth whose ambition is responsible for his downfall. He is corrupted as a result of his rise to power. Shakespeare succeeds in getting the audience to love Macbeth despite the fact he is much less sinned against than sinn ing. The audience is drawn to Macbeth because he is pressured by the witches, does not have a malicious nature, is ambitious, agonizes between decisions,Read MoreThe Downfall of Lady Macbeth1371 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Lady Macbeth’s desire and ambition leads to her eventual downfall. When Lady Macbeth hears of Macbeth’s prophecy she dreams of the glory and high-standing that awaits being queen. She cannot withhold her ambitions and she is willing to manipulate fate to bring about Macbeth’s prophecy. She invokes evil spirits to be filled from head to toe with cruelty to do the evil actions necessary to make Macbeth king and to remove all remorse and pity for her action from her heart.Read MoreEssay on The Downfall of Macbeth1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth is victorious; he has just returned from the battle ground as a brutal warrior; courageous, but what is more, heroic.   At this point in the play, Macbeths reputation is rapidly growing with the rampant spread of the word of his good deeds at war.   This climaxes when his actions are acknowledged and rewarded by the title given to him by King Duncan,    No more that thane of Cawdor doth deceive our bosom interest. - Go, pronounce his present

Rate of Photosynthesis Limiting Factors Free Essays

Rate of photosynthesis: limiting factors Limiting factors The main factors affecting rate of photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature. In any given situation any one of these may become a limiting factor, in other words the factors that directly affects the rate at which photosynthesis can take place masking the effects of the other factors. Light and rate of photosynthesis At low light intensities, as light intensity increases, the rate of the light-dependent reaction, and therefore photosynthesis generally, increases proportionately (straight line relationship). We will write a custom essay sample on Rate of Photosynthesis: Limiting Factors or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more photons of light that fall on a leaf, the greater the number of chlorophyll molecules that are ionised and the more ATP and NADPH are generated. Light dependent reactions use light energy and so are not affected by changes in temperature. Rate of photosynthesis Intensity of light As light intensity is increased further, however, the rate of photosynthesis is eventually limited by some other factor. So the rate plateaus. At very high light intensity, chlorophyll may be damaged and the rate drops steeply (not shown in the graph). Chlorophyll a is used in both photosystems. The wavelength of light is also important. PSI absorbs energy most efficiently at 700 nm and PSII at 680 nm. Light with a higher proportion of energy concentrated in these wavelengths will produce a higher rate of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide and rate of photosynthesis An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate at which carbon is incorporated into carbohydrate in the light-independent reaction, and so the rate of photosynthesis generally increases until limited by another factor. As it is normally present in the atmosphere at very low concentrations (about 0. 4%), increasing carbon dioxide concentration causes a rapid rise in the rate of photosynthesis, which eventually plateaus when the maximum rate of fixation is reached. Rate of photosynthesis Carbon dioxide concentration 1 Temperature and rate of photosynthesis Although the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are not affected by changes in temperature, the light independent reactions of photosynt hesis are dependent on temperature. They are reactions catalysed by enzymes. As the enzymes approach their optimum temperatures the overall rate increases. It approximately doubles for every 10 Â °C increase in temperature. Above the optimum temperature the rate begins to decrease, as enzymes are denatured, until it stops. Limiting factors In 1905, when investigating the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, Blackmann formulated the Law of limiting factors. This states that the rate of a physiological process will be limited by the factor which is in shortest supply. Any change in the level of a limiting factor will affect the rate of reaction. For example, the amount of light will affect the rate of photosynthesis. If there is no light, there will be no photosynthesis. As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase as long as other factors are in adequate supply. As the rate increases, eventually another factor will come into short supply. The graph below shows the effect of low carbon dioxide concentration. It will eventually be insufficient to support a higher rate of photosynthesis, and increasing light intensity will have no effect, so the rate plateaus. Rate of photosynthesis Temperature Rate of photosynthesis Higher CO2 concentration; higher temperature. Higher CO2 concentration; lower temperature. Lower CO2 concentration; lower temperature. . Intensity of light If a higher concentration of carbon dioxide is supplied, light is again a limiting factor and a higher rate can be reached before the rate again plateaus. If carbon dioxide and light levels are high, but temperature is low, increasing temperature will have the greatest effect on reaching a higher rate of photosynthesis. Finding out How might the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis be investigated? Design a suitable series of experiments. 2 How to cite Rate of Photosynthesis: Limiting Factors, Papers

Adventure and Delight My Big Thrill Essay Example For Students

Adventure and Delight My Big Thrill Essay Life is full of surprises. Often, those wonders arise at times when we didn’t expect it. And when it occurs, we are overwhelmed. There are instances, chances, and even periods that these events just poopout of nowhere, but the outcome is somewhat stunning. Perhaps, this is what had happen to me. It’s just a normal day; Sun is shining brightly, sky was as blue as the other day. And then, Voila! I received a text message, â€Å"Congratulations! † that was the first line of the message, and my curiosity lifted: I continued reading – â€Å"We acknowledge your application for the SMART BRO – WILL and WIN CHALLENGE, 50,000 POINTS for a Million! Whew, I was in the state of amazement at that time. Just imagine, a hundred thousand applicants and I was chosen as one of the fifty final contenders, whoosh! I was very happy at that moment. I now have a chance to win a million! Then I continued, â€Å"As part of the competition, you must send us your latest billing statement for your subscription. We had checked that your points as of today are at 38,682 smart points. Please be reminded that the last submission is due to three weeks after receiving this message. Thank you! † that was the rest of the message, and it left me hanging. I think it has to do with the message or I just don’t understand the message completely. I want to laugh at myself though. For the second time, I read it again. Now I understand. I understand that, though reading that message was an awesome experience, I cannot win that million coz’, I don’t have enough points and at the same time, I won’t be able to make that enough points in due time, so much for the thrill. I don’t know if I’ll be happy, for I received that message or I’ll be annoyed and frustrated because I can’t win that race. But, I choose to be happy. The last thing I know, I had already forgotten about it, until now. And then a memory reminisced in my mind. It was one of our summer escapades. And this time, we choose to go to Boracaylocal version of course. As of now we still can’t afford to go to the â€Å"real† Boracay. So much for the chitchat, we come back to my story. During our trip to Caramoan Islands we encountered, met, bump into, and come across a lot of many faces and beaches of course. But the most thrilling site was the thirty meter drop calledI forgot what it’s called. I had a chance to experience that breathtaking tourist spot. They say that the jump from the tip of that board will make your heart stop for a moment; well by just imagining what the tour guide said makes my heart stop for a moment. What if I jump from that cliff or board as they call it, what will be my reaction? Just imagine that! I just can’t stop my feet from walking towards the jump site. I can see many enthusiasts jumping in and out to the very salty Caramoan sea water. Even my elder cousin runs towards the cliff and absolutely jumps into the water. Swooshsplash! He plunged into it. He yelled at me. â€Å"hoyyy!!! Tumalon ka na dyan! ang sayaenjoy ka dito sa baba, daming chickswoohooo! † That was his lines, and to my surprise I also run and jumped and plunged into the sea. That was the very first time I have done it. I feel my heart pounding very fast before I leap, but after a moment, it’s likeit suddenly stopped. That experience was the best. I think I can fly at that very least moment. The feeling is very incredible; I cannot describe it in a thousand words. We had fun all day long, we jump and plunged repeatedly into the water, and as we do it the excitement grows intense. But as all summer outings do, it has to end. Ending the best thrilling experience is not what I’d like to do but, as most of the stories, it has to end. Maybe, thrills are the best part of our lives. If we encountered one, live the most of it. Like I said before, life is full of surprises.